COVID & Aging Adults: 2024- 2025 Updates

Since the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in early 2020, COVID has become one of the top causes of illness and death in the US, and has especially impacted aging adults, for both health and social reasons.

Older age is one of the top risk factors for severe COVID; it’s even a stronger risk factor than vaccination status. So this is an important issue for us to follow in geriatrics.

On this page, I’ll be posting updates related to COVID and older adults. I’ll be focusing on important developments and what I think is most important for older adults and their families to know, to be safer and manage these COVID times we are living through.

I also have a section below on general COVID safety principles for older adults.

 

Covid & Aging Adults: COVID News 2024-2025

COVID fall vaccine update October 1, 2024

Here is my most recent video update, from October 1, 2024:

In this video, I talk about the impact of COVID on older adults so far this year, and I explain the available vaccines for the three respiratory viruses likely to be very active this fall and winter: COVID, influenza, and RSV.

Also: the CDC announced a few weeks ago that new COVID vaccines are available for the 2024-2025 season.

They are recommended for everyone over the age of 6 months, and are especially recommended for adults over the age of 65.

This year, three vaccines are available for people aged 12 and older:

• Moderna mRNA COVID vaccine: based on KP.2 variant, 50 microgram dose
• Pfizer mRNA COVID vaccine: based on KP.2 variant, 30 microgram dose
• Novavax Adjuvanted COVID vaccine: based on JN.1 variant

Unless you’ve had COVID in the last six months, I highly recommend getting your fall COVID vaccine within the next few weeks, especially if you are over age 50.

Now, which one to get? Any of them should be fine, but there are some small differences to consider:

• The mRNA vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer) are based on a more recent COVID strain, and so are more likely to provide better protection against whatever strain might be circulating around Thanksgiving and Christmas.
• Moderna is a somewhat higher dose. This might be more likely to stimulate an aging immune system. (A higher-dose vaccine is a strategy that has been effective in flu vaccines.)
• Novavax tends to give fewer systemic side-effects. So, if you’re one of those people who tends to feel lousy after COVID vaccination, consider Novavax instead of an mRNA vaccine.

Now, what if you’ve had COVID this past summer, as many people have?

The CDC’s guidance at this time is that it’s ok to wait 3 months before your next COVID vaccination, but also says that people who are very high risk can get it sooner.

Last but not least: remember that it’s ok to get your COVID vaccine at the same time as your fall flu shot.

Older COVID Updates

COVID winter update December 20, 2023

As anticipated, we are seeing a substantial rise in COVID activity this month. This can be seen in wastewater and we’re also seeing a rise in hospitalizations.

What is a little more worrisome is that a new variant, JN.1, now seems to be taking off in the US. This variant has been active in Europe, where it is causing a marked exponential spike in COVID wastewater levels.

We are also seeing a fair amount of RSV circulating, plus some influenza.

For more on the state of these respiratory viruses, I highly recommend reading this update by epidemiologist Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD: State of Affairs: Dec 19, 2023.

All three of these viruses (COVID, RSV, influenza) can hospitalize vulnerable older adults 🙁

So as you consider holiday travel and gatherings, here are my recommendations:

• Avoid gathering with others inside if you have cold symptoms (or anything worse). If you need to gather, consider wearing a mask and be sure to ventilate the space with a HEPA air filter (or open windows).
• Consider rapid tests for COVID before having a gathering with vulnerable older adults.
• Wear a N95 or KN95 when traveling on planes or other forms of crowded public transit. 
  • Consider a mask when in malls or other crowded indoor spaces.
• People over age 65 should get the 2024 COVID vaccine (if they haven’t yet had it), for renewed protection against hospitalization.
  • The exception is if you’ve actually had COVID within the past few months; that’s like getting a booster but much more effective.
• Paxlovid still works. Older adults should request it if they test positive for COVID.

COVID fall vaccine update September 21, 2023

The CDC announced recently that new COVID vaccines are available for the 2023-2024 season.

They are recommended for everyone over the age of 6 months, and are especially recommended for adults over the age of 65.

This fall, the COVID vaccine is a monovalent vaccine based on the XBB.1.5 subvariant of Omicron (which was the most prevalent variant at the beginning of the summer). Although there are different Omicron subvariants currently circulating, the XBB.1.5 is expected to provide good protection against hospitalization and deaths.

If you are a details and data person, you can find the slides presented at the 9/12/23 CDC meeting here.

Learn more about the new fall COVID vaccines here: CDC: Stay Up to Date with COVID-19 Vaccines.

I highly recommend that adults aged 65+ get this updated COVID vaccine, especially if they have not had COVID in the past 4 months.

I also recommend that aging adults get their annual flu shot (get one of the stronger ones recommended for older adults) and consider the new RSV vaccine for older adults.

Otherwise, my recommendations for how to stay safe in regards to COVID have not changed since my most recent video update from August, which you can view below.

Here is my most recent video update, from August 14, 2023:

In this update, I discuss the latest COVID news for August 2023, including the recent rise in COVID cases, whether to get boosted again now or later, what we know about the upcoming fall COVID vaccine, and more. 

In this episode:

• What to know about the new COVID wave
• Update on the EG.5 subvariant
• Whether vaccines work against the newest variants
• Update on the upcoming 2023 COVID vaccine booster
• Answers to FAQs
  • Should you get boosted again now or wait?
• Symptoms of COVID & what to do if you catch it
• What will really help us live with COVID

Note: For the masks I recommend, you can get the 3M V-flex here https://amzn.to/3OxrsRY, and the Powecom KN95 here https://amzn.to/3W9frXf

These are Amazon affiliate links, so any purchases will help support Better Health While Aging, thank you!

For all links and resources mentioned in the update, see the related podcast page here.

 

June 6, 2023 Update:

In this update, I cover what’s going on with COVID as of Summer 2023, including the current COVID situation in the US, how to get COVID data now that the public health emergency has ended, updates on COVID boosters, how to know if you still should take precautions, and more.

In this episode:

• What’s changed since February
• Updates on the COVID bivalent booster
• What’s happening now with COVID
• How to decide if you should worry about COVID
• What are the risks of catching COVID now?
• How to avoid catching COVID this summer
• COVID booster FAQs
• COVID symptoms now
• What to do if you catch COVID & how to get Paxlovid

Note: For the masks I use, you can get 3M Aura here https://amzn.to/3PJJyRO, the 3M V-flex here https://amzn.to/3OxrsRY, and the Powecom KN95 here https://amzn.to/3W9frXf.  

These are Amazon affiliate links, so any purchases will help support Better Health While Aging, thank you!

For all links and resources mentioned in the update, see the related podcast page here.

February 23, 2023 Update:

In this video update, I cover what aging adults and their families should know about COVID being better but not yet gone, including what to know about the new COVID 2023 variant XBB.1.5, what to expect when the public health emergency ends in May, and how to get Paxlovid (it’s the best treatment!) if you do catch COVID. This update addresses many COVID FAQs including:

• Is COVID over now?
• Is there a new COVID variant in 2023?
• Does the bivalent COVID booster work?
  • If I haven’t gotten it yet, should I still get the COVID bivalent booster?
• Can you still get COVID if you’ve had Omicron before?
• What are symptoms of COVID now?
• What should I do if I (or my aging parent) gets COVID?
• What’s the best treatment for COVID and how to get Paxlovid if your doctor doesn’t want to prescribe it
• How to know what’s safe in 2023?

Note: For the masks I use, you can get 3M Aura here https://amzn.to/3PJJyRO, the 3M V-flex here https://amzn.to/3OxrsRY, and the Powecom KN95 here https://amzn.to/3W9frXf.  

These are Amazon affiliate links, so any purchases will help support Better Health While Aging, thank you!

For all links and resources mentioned in the update, see the related podcast page here.

December 8, 2022 Update:

In this video update, I cover what all older adults & families should know about the COVID and flu situation this winter, including what to know about the new BQ.1 subvariants, and how to stay safer during winter gatherings. This update addresses many FAQs, including:

• Does the fall COVID booster work?
  • Does it work against the newest Omicron subvariants
• What are symptoms of COVID now?
• Can you still get COVID if you’ve had Omicron before?
• How can you tell if it’s COVID, flu, or something else?
• How worried should I be?

I also cover which masks and HEPA air purifiers I recommend, and what to do if you catch COVID.

Note: you can get the CO2 monitor I refer to here: https://amzn.to/3yhDtq8. For the masks I use, you can get 3M Aura here https://amzn.to/3PJJyRO, the 3M V-flex here https://amzn.to/3OxrsRY, and the Powecom KN95 here https://amzn.to/3W9frXf.  The HEPA air purifier I use in my home is here https://amzn.to/3Y96crN.

These are Amazon affiliate links, so any purchases will help support Better Health While Aging, thank you!

For all links and resources mentioned in the update, see the related podcast page here.

September 7, 2022 Update:

In this video update,  I explain what to know about the new fall COVID boosters, the latest Omicron variants, and more. I also cover the data on who died of COVID this summer and how older adults can know if they remain at high risk of severe COVID. This update addresses many FAQs, including:

• What’s in the new COVID booster and who should get it?
• Is the new COVID booster safe and effective?
  • Will it wane?
  • Will it work against upcoming variants?
• When should you get your COVID Omicron booster?
• Which booster is better for older adults: Pfizer or Moderna?
• What if you’ve already had Omicron?
• Who is still at risk of dying from COVID?
• Does Paxlovid work? Should you take it if you get COVID?

For all links and resources mentioned in the update, see the related podcast page here.

July 21, 2022 Update:

In this video update, I cover the current high COVID levels, the related risks for aging adults, what to know about Omicron BA.5, the data on boosters, and the most effective ways to take sensible precautions this summer.

This update addresses many FAQs, including:

• Is COVID on the rise again?
  • The current COVID situation and how high cases really are
• Is BA.5 worse than previous Omicron variants?
• What to know about COVID hospitalization numbers
• Do vaccines and boosters still work for aging adults?
• Should I get a second booster? Should my aging parent get one?
  • The data on first and second boosters
• How the new Novavax COVID vaccine works
• How to test for COVID and whether tests still work with BA.5
• How long to isolate if you get COVID
• What to know about Paxlovid and relapsing after Paxlovid
• What masks I recommend and why
• How to take reasonable precautions

Note: you can get the CO2 monitor I refer to on Amazon here: https://amzn.to/3yhDtq8. The masks that I’m currently using include 3M V-flex N95, and 3M Aura N95. These are affiliate links, so any purchases will help support Better Health While Aging, at no extra cost to you.

For all links and resources mentioned in the update, see the related podcast page here.

May 5, 2022 Update:

In this video update, I explain what to know about the current rise in COVID cases, the related risks for aging adults, what to know about the newest Omicron variants BA.2 and BA.2.12.1, and the most effective ways to take sensible precautions.

This update addresses many FAQs, including

• Where we are at with COVID now, and the impact on aging adults
• What do we know about the latest Omicron variants: BA.2, BA.2.12.2, BA.4, and BA.5
• What’s changed (& hasn’t) with COVID
• The latest on COVID vaccine efficacy during Omicron
• What to know about first and second boosters
• The latest on how COVID is being transmitted
• What to do for masking to be effective
• Ventilation & checking CO2 levels
• Does rapid testing still work?
• What to know about COVID treatments and possible Paxlovid relapses
• Whether to mask on airplanes
• My top recommendations for taking reasonable precautions right now

You can get the CO2 monitor I refer to on Amazon here: https://amzn.to/3yhDtq8. This is an affiliate link, so any purchases will help support Better Health While Aging, at no extra cost to you.

For related links, see the podcast page for this update, which is here.

March 29, 2022

The CDC approved a second COVID booster, for adults aged 50+ and for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised.

For more information: CDC: COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters

I will discuss the data on boosters in an upcoming video update…for now, the main thing to know that getting a first booster is what is most important. Getting a second one is most likely to benefit those at highest risk (e.g. those age 80+). It’s unclear that it’s very beneficial to healthy adults in their mid-50s…especially the effect is likely to be temporary.

Feb 25, 2022:

The CDC has just released new guidance re COVID, including a revised version of calculating whether local “COVID-19 community levels” are low, medium, or high. The new method combines the number of cases in the past 7 days with hospitalization rates and hospital capacity, as the CDC explains here.

Note that their method considers whether the new cases in 7 days (per 100k population) are fewer or more than 200. 200 cases/100k/7 days corresponds to 28.5 cases/100k/day. This is not a horribly high case level, but their previous approach considered less than 10 cases/100k/day low transmission, with moderate transmission being 10-50 cases/100k/day, so we are definitely moving the goal posts here.

I also have mixed feelings about heavily relying on hospitalization rates. They are a seriously lagging indicator of COVID taking off; people get hospitalized 1-2 weeks after they catch COVID. Also, you can have pretty high levels of transmission among children and young people before you see hospitalizations moving (because the younger people are extremely unlikely to be hospitalized for COVID), and those high transmission levels are riskier for older adults than for the general public. So, I plan to keep an eye on local case counts, at least for the next few months.

Whereas yesterday we were almost all living in high transmission areas, now many parts of the US have been reclassified into moderate or low. Does it matter? Regardless of the numbers, the masks and precautions are being dialed back. In my latest video update (recorded yesterday), I explain what I think we need to focus on now, and also what we can learn from Denmark (which removed all restrictions on 2/1/22).

Personally, I think a level of 10 cases/100k/day sounds better for relaxing all the masking and precautions. (This is the level that Dr. Bob Wachter is going with, as I explain in the video.) At 30 cases/100k/day, I would still be considering rapid testing before indoor encounters with vulnerable elders, and a few other precautions.

February 24, 2022 video update:

In this video update, I discuss the tapering of the Omicron surge, what to know about the “stealth” Omicron BA.2 (it has taken over in Denmark and is growing here), how to “live with COVID” safely, and more.

This update covers:

• Why current COVID numbers are better but still not low enough
• What we’ve learned about vaccines & boosters during the Omicron surge
• What we can learn from Denmark lifting all COVID restrictions
• How to compare US COVID data to that of other countries, and why our outcomes are worse
• What to know about the Omicron sister variant BA.2
• What it would mean for COVID to be “endemic”
• The ideal approach to living with COVID
• Wastewater & other ways to monitor COVID in your local area
• What older adults can do to keep themselves and their families safer

For related links, see the podcast page for this update, which is here.

January 6, 2022 update:

This video update covers the latest on the ongoing Omicron surge, including whether it’s milder in older adults, what’s we’ve learned about rapid testing for Omicron, what to know about the current hospital situation, how to stay safer during the surge, and more.

The update addresses these FAQs:

• But isn’t Omicron supposedly “milder”?
• Do COVID tests (PCR and rapid) work against Omicron?
• Do the COVID vaccines still “work”, and will they work against Omicron?
• Are the COVID vaccines effective in older adults?
• Why get vaccinated/boosted if you’re just going to get COVID anyway?
• What about those new COVID treatments?
• Shouldn’t we just “let it rip”?
• And if I test positive for COVID?
• Is it safe to ….

Related links (including my favorite COVID Twitter sources) are posted on the podcast page for this update, which is here.

For my previous updates regarding COVID vaccines and other 2021 developments, see my original COVID updates page here.

General COVID principles for older adults (that won’t be changing)

COVID has been a bit challenging to cover in that things are often changing!

That said, over the past year, a few core principles have held true. Here they are:

1.The risk of being hospitalized and/or dying from COVID goes up with age.

Most people don’t get sick enough to be hospitalized from COVID, and that has been true even of nursing home patients (even before they were vaccinated).

But even though younger people have been hospitalized and even died of COVID, it’s overwhelmingly people over age 65 who have done so. Vaccines have reduced this risk for older adults, but most of the serious breakthrough infections still happen in older adults.

In fact, in the fall of 2021, the risk of death due to COVID was higher in vaccinated people aged 80+ than in unvaccinated people aged 30-49. (I discuss the data on this in-depth in my December 2021 COVID update.)

Unfortunately, this means that older adults will need to be more careful about COVID than others are, even if they are vaccinated.

The coronavirus does not care if you feel like 70 is the new 50. The average 70-year-old will have a markedly higher risk of illness from COVID than the average 50-year-old. (And that average 50-year-old has a higher risk than the average 30-year-old.)

Now, this doesn’t mean permanently restricting all activity and living in fear for the next few years. But it does mean that older adults will benefit from paying attention to what is going on with COVID, and should consider taking additional precautions when surges occur in their communities.

2. COVID is airborne and reducing your chance of catching it is about minimizing inhaling what others are exhaling.

Sure, some COVID variants are more contagious than others. But they are all airborne and mostly transmitted when people breathe in air (usually indoor air) that is carrying COVID particles.

So it’s important to be mindful of the air you are breathing in, especially if COVID rates are currently high in your local area. (Because when COVID rates are high, it’s more likely that someone breathing in the room may be exhaling COVID…and probably doesn’t know it.)

These simple approaches reduce the chance of breathing in COVID:

• Wearing a mask. The better the mask, the better your protection. The best masks are N95s, followed by KN95s and KF94s. After that, probably safest is to double mask (a surgical mask covered by a cloth mask). A well-fitting cloth mask does provide some protection, but it’s good to up one’s mask game when there’s a big surge or very contagious variant going around. (Or if you are immunocompromised or at particularly high risk of severe COVID.)
• Ventilating indoor spaces. Airborne COVID can definitely float further than 6 feet and can linger suspended in a non-ventilated room for some time. (Think of it like cigarette smoke in a room; it hangs around even after the smoker has left the room.) Opening doors/windows or using a good quality HEPA air filter helps clear the air.
• Others wearing masks when they are indoors with you. You will be protected by your own mask, but you get additional protection when others in the room are wearing a mask as well. (Because their mask helps catch any COVID particles or other germs they might be unintentionally emitting.) For public indoors spaces, this often comes down to local rules. For your own home, you get to set the rules and you may want to ask others to remain masked indoors when a surge is going on.
• Socializing, eating, and meeting outside when possible. Outside is always safer in that there is way more ventilation and air circulation outdoors, compared to indoors. In many cases, it will be reasonably safe to be unmasked outside. (But of course, it’s safer if you are masked, especially if you are close to someone who is speaking unmasked, or eating.)
• Minimizing your time indoors with other unmasked people who are not part of your immediate household. This means minimizing things like indoor dining and other indoor activities in which people are unmasked. Again, this is most important when COVID rates in your community are high. If you must be inside unmasked with others, the fewer the people, the better.

It has slightly surprised me that US public health authorities have not made ventilation and indoor air quality more of a priority. In some countries, such as Japan, carbon dioxide concentrations are posted in public spaces such as movie theaters. (Humans exhale carbon dioxide, so concentrations go up when ventilation isn’t adequate.)

3. If you catch COVID, significant protection against hospitalization and death comes from vaccination. If you are older, you will lose protection unless you stay up-to-date on your COVID booster.

We now have lots of data. This has held true for all variants so far.

It’s also true for all age groups, but it makes the biggest difference in people who are over age 50, and makes a bigger difference as people get older.

The thing is, the protection from vaccination and boosters does wane, especially when people are older. Protection against catching COVID wanes first (usually within 2-3 months) and protection against severe hospitalization wanes within 6 months.

Hence, it’s essential for older adults to stay up-to-date on their COVID boosters. (You can learn the latest on boosters by watching my most recent video update above.)

Also: even shortly after boosting, the vaccine effectiveness against catching COVID may be only 30-40% for older adults. (So far it has been much higher — 70% or more — against hospitalization and severe COVID.)

So you should never assume that if you and everyone else in the room is “fully vaccinated”, or even up-to-date on boosters, that means you are COVID-proof. (Because you are not.)

Over 2023, hopefully we will develop even better COVID vaccines and boosters.

But the general principle will remain: older adults who are vaccinated and up-to-date on boosters will have a significantly lower risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID than those who are not. (I support COVID vaccines for the rest of us because that helps protect older adults, the immunocompromised, and other vulnerable people among us. Plus reduces our own small risk of severe COVID to virtually nil.)

4. Take more precautions when COVID rates are high or going up. 

We don’t want to live constantly in fear, and it’s very costly to live a very restricted life long-term.

So instead, I recommend being ready to take more precautions when the conditions warrant it, such as when COVID rates are going up or are very high.

This potentially requires a psychological shift, if you’ve been waiting for COVID to be “over” so that we can all return to “normal life.”

I would really love for us to return to pre-pandemic life, but no one yet knows whether it will be possible or when. I’m starting to doubt this virus will “go away” entirely, and instead think it’s most likely that over the next few years, it will become something a little closer to influenza: something we live with, that’s maybe a little worse certain times of year, but doesn’t devastate large swaths of society or overwhelm the healthcare system.

In the meantime: take more precautions when COVID rates are high, and relax a bit when they are lower.

5. Safety from COVID is not the only thing that is important in life.

Yes, COVID is risky, especially for vulnerable older adults. But the costs of trying to be as safe as possible from COVID can be very high.

We have seen this play out especially in nursing homes, where residents experienced devastating consequences from social and physical isolation during the first part of the pandemic. (It’s also an issue for schools, young adults, and others.)

So as we navigate COVID, let’s keep in mind that safety from COVID is just one of many things to consider. We still need to connect and come together, and we should not let COVID prevent that altogether.

And that’s it for now! Please take care and stay reasonably safe, especially during COVID waves.